(Reuters) -- Early this year, a dozen of Bollywood's biggest names took a private jet from India's film capital of Mumbai to New Delhi for a private audience with Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
Subsequently, actor Ranveer Singh, who has nearly 22 million followers on Instagram, posted a smiling picture of himself hugging Modi, with a caption expressing his "joy" at the encounter, drawing more than 3 million likes.
Bollywood is playing a lead role in Modi's campaign for a second term, endorsing him onscreen and off in both subtle and obvious ways, in a marked shift from the more transactional relationship Indian film stars previously had with politicians.
Modi asked filmmakers and stars to "talk about patriotism and Indian culture and values," in their films, said film producer Mahaveer Jain, who organized the January 10 meeting. "He recognizes the soft power of Bollywood, and the impact it can have."
People under the age of 35 form nearly two-thirds of India's population of about 1.3 billion, and with more than 15 million voting for the first time in general elections that begin on April 11, celebrity endorsement could be key.
Modi swept to victory in 2014, but this time rural distress and concern about a lack of jobs could hamper his party’s chances of winning the monthlong elections. Counting is set for May 23.
In recent months, Modi has met privately at least four times with several of Bollywood's biggest names, most of whom have posted selfies with him on social media, accompanied by glowing captions.
"Together we would love to inspire and ignite positive changes toward a transformative India," read a caption on director Karan Johar's Instagram post of a star-studded group selfie with Modi that received more than 1 million likes. He thanked the government for cutting taxes on movie tickets.
"There is perhaps no politician in the history of Indian politics who has been able to create a celebrity outreach program like Narendra Modi," said Joyojeet Pal, a University of Michigan professor who has analyzed Modi's social media feed since 2009.
A BJP spokesman did not respond to Reuters' repeated requests for comment.
Bollywood's support for Modi and his Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party contrasts with the film industry in the United States, where Hollywood has typically taken up liberal-left causes and backed the Democrats, and lately lampooning President Donald Trump and the right-wing Republican Party.
Biggest Hit
Beyond social media, Bollywood has released three movies with lead actors in prime ministerial roles this year.
One, titled Uri – The Surgical Strike, proved the year's biggest hit, pulling in a gross of more than $35 million at the Indian box office.
In speeches, Modi and his ministers have repeatedly evoked the film, which indirectly lauds the prime minister and his national security adviser for planning a 2016 attack that India says hit terrorist camps in Pakistan-administered Kashmir.
But director Aditya Dhar says it has no political leanings. "My film is a dedication to the Indian Army," Dhar told Reuters in January. "It is about the sacrifices they make for their countrymen."
The film was released the same weekend as The Accidental Prime Minister, which is based on an unauthorized biography of Modi's predecessor, Manmohan Singh.
That film, which did not fare well at the box office, projected open contempt for Singh, painting him as ineffective and forced to bow to the whims of the Gandhi family, which heads India's main opposition party, the Indian National Congress.
"You can clearly say some of these films are propaganda films," said film critic Rajeev Masand. "There is no confusion on the agenda there."
The election panel has blocked the release of a biopic titled PM Narendra Modi, initially set for the first voting day on April 11, as a violation of electoral rules. A web series on Modi's life continues to be streamed online.
'Huge Influencer'
Not everyone is jumping on the Modi bandwagon.
More than 800 theater artists, actors, and filmmakers urged voters not to back Modi last week but, barring a few, most were independent documentarians lacking the reach of Bollywood's A-listers.
"The man portrayed as the savior of the nation five years ago has destroyed the livelihoods of millions through his policies," they said on the website Artists Unite. "We appeal to our fellow citizens to vote for love and compassion, for equality and social justice, and to defeat the forces of darkness and barbarism."
The main opposition Congress party has also sought to woo Bollywood, and a separate source said filmmakers were invited to meet its leader, Rahul Gandhi.
The agenda for that meeting is unknown, and Gandhi's office did not respond to calls seeking comment.
My Name Is RaGa, a less publicized movie about Gandhi, is also set for release this month.
Traditionally, Bollywood stars functioned as crowd-pullers at the odd election rally, often for remuneration. Though many later took the plunge into politics, this represents the first time a political party has deployed them as subliminal brand ambassadors.
"This is alarming because Indian cinema is a huge influencer," said Sandeep Chatterjee, professor of direction and screenplay at the Film and Television Institute of India. "One can say people have a right to decide what they watch, but you cannot discount the influence Indian cinema has on people at large, especially young people.”
