Iran’s government has warned that protesters who have taken to the streets nationwide over the rising cost of living will "pay the price" for breaking the law after two demonstrators died in the western town of Doroud.
President Hassan Rohani was said to be preparing to address the country on December 31, but Ehsan Bodaghi of the government daily Iran newspaper said in a tweet that it was still not clear if Rohani would speak to the country. Earlier in the day, Bodaghi dad tweeted thhat the president would talk about “recent events,” but he later deleted the posting.
The demonstrations, which have intensified and spread since beginning on December 28, are the largest and the most serious challenge to the authorities since 2009 following the disputed presidential election of then-President Mahmud Ahmadinejad. Rohani was reelected in May in part on a promise to guarantee rights to freedom of expression and assembly.
"Those who damage public property, violate law and order, and create unrest are responsible for their actions and should pay the price," state media quoted Interior Minister Abdolreza Rahmani-Fazli as saying on December 31.
The semiofficial news agency Mehr quoted Habibollah Khojastepour, deputy governor of Lorestan Province, as saying on December 31 that an illegal gathering in the western town of Doroud had ignited clashes where "two of our dear Doroudi citizens were killed."
"No shots were fired by the police and security forces. We have found evidence of enemies of the revolution, Takfiri groups, and foreign agents in this clash," he added later on state television. Takfiri is a term used for Sunni militants, especially the Islamic State.
However, a video posted on social media purported to show two young men after they were shot dead by riot police.
RFE/RL could not verify the authenticity of the video, but the Voice of America (VOA) identified the victims as Hamzeh Lashni and Hossein Reshno. VOA said a reporter with its Persian Service had spoken to their families.
The video showed a protester chanting, "I will kill whoever killed my brother!"
In response, state media quoted Interior Minister Abdolreza Rahmani-Fazli as saying: "Those who damage public property, violate law and order, and create unrest are responsible for their actions and should pay the price."
The violence comes as separate state-sponsored rallies took place around the country to mark the end of the unrest that shook the country in 2009. State television reported pro-government rallies were held in some 1,200 cities and towns.
Iranians chant slogans as they march in support of the government near the Imam Khomeini grand mosque in the capital, Tehran, on December 30.
The antigovernment protests were sparked by a surge in prices of basic food supplies, such as eggs and poultry.
They quickly spread to many cities where hundreds of protesters have been chanting slogans against the Islamic establishment and the country’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.
Some have also chanted slogans against Iran’s foreign policies, including its support for the regime of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad.
Reports said that in some cities protesters set government buildings and police vehicles on fire.
Social-media videos from the city of Mashhad showed protesters overturning a police car and setting police motorcycles on fire.
The Mehr news agency posted videos of protesters attacking a town hall in central Tehran, overturning a police car, and burning the Iranian flag.
Amateur videos posted online appeared to show clashes at Tehran University, where police forces reportedly used tear gas to disperse protesters.
“Seyed Ali [Khamenei], shame on you. Leave the country alone,” protesters chanted at the university, according to a video sent to RFE/RL's Radio Farda from the Iranian capital.
In another video from Tehran, protesters appeared to tear down a Khamenei poster.
The protests took place amid reports of Internet disruptions, with the New York-based Center for Human Rights In Iran saying the government was making it difficult for Iranians to get online.
“This means that the vast majority of Iranians cannot access mobile apps or websites or anything that has its servers outside Iran without very robust circumvention tools,” the group said on Twitter.
Iran has slowed the Internet during past protests in order to prevent the spread of information, and Rahmani-Fazli warned against promoting protests online.
"We ask people not to take part in unlawful gatherings. If they plan a gathering, they should apply [for a permit], and it will be examined," he told the Young Journalists Club news website.
The hard-line Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps and its Basij militia -- which led the crackdown against the 2009 protests -- so far has appeared to stay away from the demonstrations. However, in a statement carried by state media, it said, "The Iranian nation...will not allow the country to be hurt."
“This is more grass-roots. It’s much more spontaneous, which makes it more unpredictable,” Alex Vatanka, an Iran expert at the Middle East Institute in Washington, told The Washington Post.
“Things are not working out economically for ordinary Iranians,” he added. “But the root causes, and the much deeper resentment, go back decades. People do not feel this regime represents them.”
A photo obtained by Reuters from social media showing people protesting on the streets of Tehran on December 30.
Dozens have been arrested during the three days of protests.
The United States condemned the arrests, with President Donald Trump warning Tehran in a tweet that "the world is watching."
"Many reports of peaceful protests by Iranian citizens fed up with regime’s corruption & its squandering of the nation’s wealth to fund terrorism abroad," Trump wrote on Twitter, echoing an earlier White House statement.
"Oppressive regimes cannot endure forever, and the day will come when the Iranian people will face a choice. The world is watching!" Trump added in a tweet.
U.S. Senator John McCain later said in a tweet that “for too long, the Iranian people have been oppressed by their government, which cares more about sowing instability abroad than its own citizens.”
Iran's Foreign Ministry spokesman, Bahram Ghasemi, was quoted on state TV as saying the "Iranian people give no credit to the deceitful and opportunist remarks of U.S. officials or Mr. Trump."
With reporting by RFE/RL's Radio Farda, The Guardian, VOA, Reuters, AFP, AP, and dpa